I would say one of the first things you need to make sure your kids carry is a pepper spray, but only once they are of an age when they can use it properly (as it can otherwise harm even the person who is using it as a defense).
some other tips you should teach your kid are:
1. not to drink with friends or in groups where there are strangers - if at all they do, call up the parents and ask to be driven back home with parents
2. not going for house parties without asking
3. not taking a walk at a deserted stretch, whether it is in the day or after dark
4. learning some or the other form of self defense technique
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