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At around week 14 of pregnancy, a fetus has developed the structures of an ear enough to detect limited sounds. By week 24, a fetus turn his/her head in response to voices and noises. The sound processing parts of a fetus’ brain become active in the third trimester. And research indicates that during the last 10 weeks of pregnancy, a fetus listens to what the mother is saying and can understand it well enough to retain memories of them after birth. During pregnancy, the clearest voice that a fetus hears is the mother’s. And studies have shown that a fetus’ heart rate increases upon hearing the mother’s voice. Sound transmits well enough, reverberating through the mother’s bones and the rest of her body, through the abdomen. According to cognitive neuroscientist Eino Partanen of the University of Helsinki, "If you put your hand over your mouth and speak, that's very similar to the situation the fetus is in...You can hear the rhythm of speech, rhythm of music, and so on.” So read out loud to your baby, sing songs, even carry on a conversation (for instance, simply relay to your baby what you’re doing: “I’m going to eat this sandwich. You’d like that, huh?”). Dads, you can also read out loud, sing, converse with your baby. Research has shown that newborns react differently to sounds that were repeated regularly during the third trimester compared to babies who never heard those sounds at all while in the womb. Research also indicates that deeper, lower sounds are easier for the baby to hear than high-pitched sounds. But take note: noise, when it’s loud, prolonged and repeated, has the possibility to cause developmental damage or hearing loss in a fetus. So make sure to stay within a quiet, calm environment. Sources: - http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2013/08/babies-learn-recognize-words-womb - http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/science/science-news/9779146/Babies-listen-to-their-mothers-voice-in-the-womb-research-suggests.html - http://www.whattoexpect.com/pregnancy/fetal-hearing/
Yes, researchers have long known that newborns recognize – and prefer – their mom's voice. And any new mother can tell you that the sound of her voice delights her new baby. Some babies also seem soothed by noises like whirring fans and washing machines because these probably sound similar to what they heard in the womb. Amazingly, babies may be able to recognize their mother's voice even before birth. A study done at the Pacific Lutheran University in Tacoma, Washington found that babies in the womb actively listen to their mother's voice during the last ten weeks of pregnancy. Then at birth they can distinguish between the sound of their native language and a foreign language, suggesting that moms are their babies' first language teachers.
It sounds silly but even before they are born (around 7th and 8th month) the babies can actually started to hear their mother's voice in the womb, through the fluids. When a baby listened to a recording of his mother's voice his heart rate increased because they got excited when hear their mothers' voices. So the newborn babies can actually recognize their mother's voice more than any other sound in the environment. However the newborn will not recognize anyone by sight. Newborns can only see to a distance of about 12 inches ;)
When the baby's still in the womb probably 7mos onwards they can distinguish voices since I have read that sense of hearing is the very first organ to develop. So no wonder why babies easily recognizes their mother's voices readily :)
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OBs advice to talk to the babies while inside the womb because they can already hear and recognize our voice.